As a millennial, you’re likely navigating a financial landscape filled with a multitude of investment options. While seeking higher returns is essential, it’s equally crucial to balance your portfolio with safer, more secure investments. Fixed Deposits (FDs) offer an excellent avenue for millennials to achieve financial stability and steady growth. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about FDs, how to make wise investments, and the benefits of loan against fixed deposit.
Understanding Fixed Deposits
Fixed Deposits, commonly known as FDs, are a type of financial instrument offered by banks and financial institutions. They are considered one of the safest investment options due to their predictable returns and low risk. Here’s what you need to know about FDs:
Safety and Stability: FDs are known for their safety and stability. When you invest in an FD, you are essentially lending your money to the bank or institution, which guarantees to pay you a fixed interest rate on your principal amount.
Interest Rates: FDs offer fixed interest rates that are higher than regular savings accounts. The FD interest rate is determined by factors such as the bank’s policies, the tenure of the deposit, and market conditions.
Tenure: FDs have predefined tenures, ranging from a few months to several years. You can choose the tenure that best aligns with your financial goals and investment horizon.
Liquidity: While FDs are not as liquid as savings accounts, they offer more flexibility than long-term investments like real estate or mutual funds. Most FDs allow premature withdrawals, although this may come with a penalty in the form of reduced interest.
Fixed Returns: One of the primary attractions of FDs is the certainty of returns. You know exactly how much interest you will earn over the tenure of the FD, providing financial predictability.
Making Wise FD Investments
Now that you understand the basics of FDs, let’s explore how to make wise FD investments as a millennial:
Define Your Financial Goals: Start by setting clear financial goals. Identify what you’re saving for, whether it’s an emergency fund, a down payment on a home, a vacation, or retirement. Knowing your objectives will help you determine the right FD tenure and amount.
Choose the Right Tenure: The FD tenure should align with your financial goals. If you need the funds in the short term, opt for a shorter tenure. For long-term goals, consider longer tenures to maximise interest earnings.
Shop for Competitive Interest Rates: Interest rates can vary between banks and institutions. Use an FD calculator to compare rates and choose the one that offers the best returns. Online FD calculators make it easy to estimate your potential earnings.
Diversify Your Portfolio: While FDs provide safety, don’t put all your savings into them. Diversify your investment portfolio by allocating funds to different asset classes like equities, mutual funds, and real estate. Diversification reduces risk and enhances potential returns.
Ladder Your FDs: Laddering involves splitting your investment across multiple FDs with different tenures. This strategy provides liquidity while allowing you to capitalise on higher interest rates when you renew or reinvest FDs as they mature.
Consider Tax-Saver FDs: Tax-saving FDs, available under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, offer both safety and tax benefits. Investing in them can help you reduce your taxable income while earning interest.
Stay Informed: Keep an eye on changing interest rates and market conditions. Be prepared to reinvest or move funds to higher-yield investments when rates are favourable.
Loan Against Fixed Deposit
One of the lesser-known benefits of FDs is the ability to take a loan against your deposit. Here’s how it works:
Collateral for Loans: Banks and financial institutions allow you to use your FD as collateral to secure a loan. The loan amount can typically range from 70% to 90% of the FD’s principal value.
Lower Interest Rates: Loans against FDs often come with lower interest rates compared to personal loans or credit cards. Since the FD serves as collateral, banks consider it less risky.
Quick and Easy Approval: The loan approval process for loans against FDs is usually quick and straightforward. Banks don’t require extensive documentation or credit checks since the FD serves as security.
Flexible Repayment: You have the flexibility to choose the repayment tenure that suits your financial situation. Repaying the loan is convenient, and you can use the FD’s interest earnings to cover the loan interest.
Taxation and FDs
Understanding the tax implications of FDs is crucial to maximise your returns. Here’s what you should know:
Tax Deducted at Source (TDS): Banks deduct TDS on FD interest if it exceeds ₹ 40,000 (₹ 50,000 for senior citizens) in a financial year. To avoid excessive TDS, consider submitting Form 15G or 15H if your income is below the taxable limit. For NBFC FDs, on the other hand, the threshold limit for TDS on FD interest income is ₹5,000.
Interest Income: The interest earned on FDs is added to your taxable income and taxed at your applicable income tax slab rate. Plan your FD investments to align with your tax-saving goals, such as investing in Tax-Saver FDs under Section 80C.
Premature Withdrawals: If you need to make a premature withdrawal from your FD, you may incur a penalty, and the interest earned might not be eligible for tax benefits.
TDS Exemption: You can avoid TDS on FD interest by submitting Form 15G or 15H if you meet the specified criteria. Ensure you meet the age and income requirements for these forms.
Conclusion
Fixed Deposits are a secure and stable investment option for millennials looking to build financial security and achieve their goals. By understanding the nuances of FDs, choosing the right tenures and interest rates, and diversifying your investment portfolio, you can make informed investment decisions.
Additionally, consider the benefits of loans against FDs, which provide a cost-effective source of credit without liquidating your investments. Lastly, stay informed about taxation rules and leverage tax-saving FDs to maximise your returns while optimising your tax liabilities.
As a millennial, you have the advantage of time on your side. By starting early and making wise FD investments, you can build a solid financial foundation and work towards achieving your long-term financial aspirations with confidence.
