An initiative to boost Africa’s carbon dioxide credit production 19-fold by 2030 has drawn hundreds of millions of dollars of pledges as Kenyan President William Ruto opened the continent’s first climate summit.
In one of the most anticipated deals, the United Arab Emirates committed to buying $US450 million ($A696 million) of carbon credits from the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative (ACMI).
The ACMI was launched at Egypt’s COP27 summit last year.
African leaders are pushing market-based financing instruments such as carbon credits, which allow for the offsetting of emissions through activities like planting trees or investing in renewable energy projects.
Organisers of the three-day summit in Nairobi say they aim to showcase Africa as a destination for climate investment rather than a victim of floods, drought and famine.
African governments regard carbon credits and other market-based financing instruments as critical to mobilise funding that has been slow to arrive from rich-world donors.
Africa has received only about 12 per cent of the money it needs to cope with climate effects, according to a report last year by the non-profit Climate Policy Initiative.
“For a very long time we have looked at this as a problem. It is time we flipped and looked at it from the other side,” Ruto told delegates.
“We must see in green growth not just a climate imperative but also a fountain of multi-billion dollar economic opportunities that Africa and the world is primed to capitalise,” he said.
Several speakers at the summit, however, said they had seen little progress toward accelerating climate financing.
“There hasn’t been any success for an African country in attracting climate finance,” said Bogolo Kenewendo, a United Nations climate adviser and former trade minister in Botswana.
Kevin Kariuki, a vice president at the African Development Bank, told Reuters the deals announced on Monday were “very welcome” but did not come close to filling the climate financing hole.
He said African countries would push at the COP28 later this year for the expansion of special drawing rights at the International Monetary Fund that could unlock $US500 billion worth of climate finance, which could be leveraged up to five times.
Patricia Scotland, secretary-general of the Commonwealth of 56 countries, said the pledged funding was more than symbolic, as it showed people understood the emergency, but that current climate finance flows to Africa were still “shockingly low”.
“The private sector really remains an untapped opportunity that now must be seized,” Scotland told Reuters.
“If you look at what we’ve got on thermal energy, on solar, on wind, on hydro, this is a powerhouse just waiting to be unleashed.”
More than 20 presidents and heads of government are expected to attend the summit from Tuesday.
They plan to issue a declaration outlining Africa’s position ahead of a United Nations climate conference later this month and the COP28, which the UAE will host.
The oil-producing UAE has been positioning itself as a climate financing leader in Africa.
Emirati company Blue Carbon has been in discussions with Liberia and Tanzania to set up carbon credit trading by overseeing conservation of their natural resources.
The $US450 million commitment was announced by Hassan Ghazali, a UAE climate investment official.
Climate Asset Management – a joint venture of HSBC Asset Management and Pollination, a specialist climate change investment and advisory firm – also announced a $US200 million investment in projects that will produce ACMI credits.
The United Kingdom said UK-backed projects worth 49 million pounds ($A96 million) would be announced over the course of the summit, and Germany announced a 60-million euro ($A100 million) debt swap with Kenya to free up money for green projects.
Many African campaigners have opposed the summit’s approach to climate finance, and about 500 people marched in downtown Nairobi on Monday to protest.
They say carbon credits are a pretext for continued emissions by wealthier countries and corporations, who should instead pay their “climate debt” through direct compensation and debt relief.
